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Introduction (2009): Despite several thousand years of failure to correctly
understand physical reality (hence the current postmodern
view that this is impossible) it is actually very simple to work out
how matter exists and moves about in Space.
The rules of Science
(Occam's Razor / Simplicity) and Metaphysics
(Dynamic Unity of Reality) require that reality be described from only
one substance existing, as Leibniz
wrote; 'Reality cannot be found except in One single source, because of the
interconnection of all things with one another'.
When we deduce
this most Simple Science Theory of Reality we find that there is only
one possible solution: Space must be the substance which exists and matter
is formed from waves in Space. The electron is a spherical standing wave
in Space. See Wave
Diagrams
i.e. While there are many minds and material things, they all exist in one
common Space (just look around you and think about it). We can then show
that the Wave Structure of Matter is the correct solution as it deduces
the fundamentals of Physics
& Philosophy
perfectly (there are no opinions).
I realise that there are a lot of 'crackpot' theories about truth and reality
on the internet, but this solution is the most simple one and it is obvious
once known (though it takes time for our minds to adjust to new knowledge).
In hindsight the error was obvious - to try and describe an interconnected
reality from the foundation of many discrete and separate things, matter
'particles', which then required forces / fields to connect them in space
and time. This was always just a mathematical
solution which never explained how matter was connected across the universe.
For those who are religious
/ spiritual, I think Albert
Einstein expresses the enlightened view of God. He writes 'I believe
in Spinoza's God who reveals himself in the orderly harmony of what exists,
not in a God who concerns himself with the fates and actions of human beings.'
This harmony arises from a Wave Structure of Matter in Space (we are all
interconnected in this space that we all commonly experience). This unity
of reality (God, Brahman, Tao, Spirit, Energy, Light, Vibration) is central
to all major world religions, thus their common moral
foundation of 'Do unto others as to thyself' as the other is part of
the self.
In a time of universal deceit - telling the truth is a
revolutionary act. (George Orwell)
You must be the change you wish to see in the world. (Mohandas Gandhi)
All that is necessary for evil to succeed is for good men to do nothing.
(Edmund Burke)
Hell is Truth Seen Too Late. (Thomas Hobbes)
Stirling Heat Engines
NOTE: I have updated this page Friday 20th November. It now
has most of my Stirling engine designs (will finish adding them next week).
I am currently building three of them (see below), I hope to encourage others
to build and experiment too!
Geoff Haselhurst
Introduction
I have been fascinated by Stirling Engines for several years now and have
built one prototype that did not work. But we learn a lot by doing things
so the time was not wasted. Since then I have built hundreds of designs
in my head, below is a list of the 6 best (as I see things).
The design principles are: Simplicity - Use of existing technology - Cheap
and easy to build - Potentially high power output (5 kilowatts) - Suitable
for third world applications.
1. Liquid Piston Heat Injection Stirling Engine
I am currently building this - I hope to finish it this weekend (it is
very simple). This Stirling heat engine can be used as a water pump, or
it can be connected to a metal piston - flywheel - alternator and be used
as a generator. (I may be able to use a linear alternator and avoid the
piston / flywheel - I need to do more research if / when machine works!)
How this Oil Vapor 'Explosion' Stirling Engine Works:
The two columns of water / oil act as liquid pistons.
In the diagram, the cold side is higher thus the liquid will level
itself causing the hot side to rise, transferring the hot working
gas through the regenerator (stores heat energy) to the cold side
where it contracts and water is sucked in from inlet.
When the hot oil reaches the top of the cylinder some (~ 20 mls)
of oil flows into the Heating Pot. The vaporized oil expands pushing
the hot side down, the cold side up and also pumping water out.
This also transfers the cold gas back through the regenerator (heats
gas) and into the hot side where it is further heated by the vaporized
oil.
Once the pressure equalizes in both cylinders then the liquid pistons
will again level themselves, causing the cycle to repeat.
Some further thoughts on this Stirling Engine Design
Stirling engines do not use change of phase which is inefficient because
energy is wasted in breaking molecular bonds (latent heat). However, in
this Stirling engine we are using the change of phase (oil falling on 800
C copper and lead) to create a very hot oil vapor that then transfers its
energy to the working gas, thus the energy is not wasted (some will be lost).
This has three advantages;
i) We can use copper and molten lead in the heating pot and thus heat it
to around 800 C.
ii) This allows a rapid heat transfer to the working gas as it mixes with
the very hot oil vapor (very large surface area due to the mixing of the
hot and cold gasses).
iii) We get very rapid high pressures - more like a combustion engine.
Further design considerations;
i) It may need float valves at the outlets of each cylinder to the regenerator
to stop liquid moving around the top of the Stirling engine.
ii) In terms of cooling the gas I am going to experiment with 2 methods.
a) Add copper wire inside top of cold cylinder and have intake water that
flows in around the outside of the cold cylinder thus cooling it (so add
another larger pipe around it with water in space).
b) In the cooling phase bubble the hot gas through cold water in cold cylinder,
and then in the expansion phase this water would be pumped out (if the Stirling
engine is used as a water pump).
iii) To begin I will simply use a fire to heat the hot side (wood has about
4kw/hrs of energy per kg, and a fire easily reaches temperatures of 600
degrees celsius).
The cold side will be cooled to around 70 degrees celsius by running water
(I have a lot of ponds and creeks on my property!). If they work then in
the long term I would use solar heat energy.
2. Liquid Piston Stirling Heat Engine
I have not drawn a diagram yet (I will) but it is similar to the above
design - just with the heat injection / change of phase explosion removed
so it is a pure Stirling engine (it just heats and cools gas to push and
pull on the liquid pistons).
Simply remove the heating pipe and make the hot and cold cylinders the
same height. Heat is applied directly to the hot cylinder so this is limited
to around 350 C (the boiling point of oil).
Add cooper wire to the inside top of each cylinder and get the liquid rocking
and the hot expansion of gas will hopefully cause it to continue to cycle.
I am also going to add a 40 KG lead weight hanging on springs inside the
cold cylinder that acts as a heavy piston that helps the liquid to rock
(stores more of the expansion energy by lifting the lead weight, which then
wants to fall).
3. Six Cylinder Petrol / Diesel Motor
Converted into Six Stirling Engines
I have put this Stirling engine on its own page. It is a high pressure
(100 Atmospheres) mid temperature (350 C) metal piston / liquid oil piston
Stirling engine. Basically just connecting two 6 cylinder petrol motors
together 90 degrees out of phase and replacing the heads with heating and
cooling cylinders half full of oil and copper wire - connected via a regenerator.
It is nearly finished (I worked on it about 4 months ago, but I have been
away ... ). I hope to finish it in the next few weeks.
I have several more designs to add ... some time in the next month I hope.
Please write to me if you wish to be involved.
Cheers,
Geoff Haselhurst
(November 20th, 2009 - yes I am working on them at the moment while also
writing up some physics and philosophy for this website.)
Help Humanity
"You must be the change you wish to see in the
world."
(Mohandas
Gandhi)
"When
forced to summarize the general theory of relativity in one sentence:
Time and space and gravitation have no separate existence from matter.
... Physical objects are not in space, but these objects are spatially
extended. In this way the concept 'empty space' loses its meaning.
... The particle can only appear as a limited region in space in which
the field strength or the energy density are particularly high. ...
The free, unhampered exchange of ideas and scientific conclusions
is necessary for the sound development of science, as it is in all spheres
of cultural life. ... We must not conceal from ourselves that
no improvement in the present depressing situation is possible without
a severe struggle; for the handful of those who are really determined
to do something is minute in comparison with the mass of the lukewarm
and the misguided. ... Humanity is going to need a substantially new way of thinking
if it is to survive!" (Albert Einstein)
This is the profound new way of thinking that Einstein
realised, that we exist as spatially extended structures of the universe
- the discrete and separate body an illusion. This simply confirms the
intuitions of the ancient
philosophers and mystics.
It is easy to help - just click on the social network sites (below) or
grab a nice image / quote you like and add it to your favourite blog,
wiki or forum. We are listed as one of the top
philosophy sites on the Internet (300,000 page views / week) and have
a wonderful collection of knowledge from the greatest minds in human history,
so people will appreciate your contributions. Thanks! Geoff
Haselhurst - Karene
Howie - Email
"All that is necessary for evil to succeed is
for good people to do nothing."
(Edmund Burke)
Connect with Geoffrey Support simple sensible science that works
NOTE (May 2009) We have just added (below) Facebook Connect, Google Friend and
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We try to reply within 48 hours. Geoff
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"In a time of universal deceit - telling the
truth is a revolutionary act."
(George Orwell)
Copyright
1997 - 2009
We support 'Fair Use' of these pages for Academic & Non Commercial use.
You are welcome to use images and text, but please reference them with a
link to relevant web page on this site. Thanks! NOTE: These Stirling Engine designs are patent pending.
If you wish to build them please write to me first.
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"You must be the change you wish to see in the world."
(Mohandas Gandhi)
The free, unhampered exchange of ideas and scientific conclusions is necessary for the sound development of science, as it is in all spheres of cultural life. ... We must not conceal from ourselves that no improvement in the present depressing situation is possible without a severe struggle; for the handful of those who are really determined to do something is minute in comparison with the mass of the lukewarm and the misguided. ...
Humanity is going to need a substantially new way of thinking if it is to survive!" (Albert Einstein)
This is the profound new way of thinking that Einstein realised, that we exist as spatially extended structures of the universe - the discrete and separate body an illusion. This simply confirms the intuitions of the ancient philosophers and mystics.
Given the current censorship in physics / philosophy of science journals (based on the standard model of particle physics / big bang cosmology) the internet is the best hope for getting new knowledge known to the world. But that depends on you, the people who care about science and society, realise the importance of truth and reality.
It is easy to help - just click on the social network sites (below) or grab a nice image / quote you like and add it to your favourite blog, wiki or forum. We are listed as one of the top philosophy sites on the Internet (300,000 page views / week) and have a wonderful collection of knowledge from the greatest minds in human history, so people will appreciate your contributions. Thanks! Geoff Haselhurst - Karene Howie - Email
"All that is necessary for evil to succeed is for good people to do nothing."
(Edmund Burke)
Connect with Geoffrey
Support simple sensible science that works
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NOTE (May 2009)
Facebook ConnectWe have just added (below) Facebook Connect, Google Friend and Twitter Applications.
Please feel free to add comments / questions / friendship!
We try to reply within 48 hours. Geoff
Connect in an Inter-Connected Universe!
"In a time of universal deceit - telling the truth is a revolutionary act."
(George Orwell)
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"Hell is Truth Seen Too Late."
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