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Stirling Haselhurst Engine
Converting two 6 cylinder petrol motors into 6 Stirling
heat engines
This Stirling engine design is a high pressure (60 atmospheres) mid temperature (350 degrees celsius hot side, 70 degrees celsius cold side) design. It has a theoretical efficiency of 35% (solar cells have a maximum efficiency of about 20%).
The two petrol motors are 6 cylinder 3.9 litre 120 Kw Ford Falcon motors from 1990 (yes, I live in Australia!). They cost me $40 dollars each from the local salvage yard. Each cylinder has a volume of 650cc so we are effectively making 6 small stirling engines connected together by the motor's crankshaft.
Because it is high pressure you must use high pressure rated seamless carbon steel for the heating and cooling pipes (10 cm diameter). See: Carbon seamless steel pressure ratings.
Theoretically this design should produce 12Kw using Nitrogen (500 rpm) and 25kw using helium (1200 rpm). See: Stirling Engine Performance Calculator
(As a comparison of cost, the WhisperGen Stirling engine costs $20,000 dollars and is 1Kw.)
Below is the rough diagram, followed by a short explanation (from my provisional patent application).
The Stirling-Haselhurst Heat Engine
Stirling Engines are theoretically the most efficient heat engines available, where the efficiency is 1 - Tmin/Tmax (in degrees kelvin). Thus the engines are more efficient the greater the temperature difference from the hot side to the cold side. The reason for the higher efficiency is because of the regenerator, where heat energy from the hot gas is stored in the regenerator as the gas is moved to the cold side, then returned to the cold gas when it is moved back to the hot side (this was invented by reverend Robert Stirling - clever man!)
However, in the past it has been difficult to overcome design problems
relating to the required rapid flow of heat energy in the hot and cold cylinders,
sealing the system at high pressure and temperature, and building the motor
at a cost efficient price.
The Haselhurst-Stirling engine overcomes these problems by connecting two
petrol motors 90 degrees out of phase. One motor is on the hot side, the
other motor is on the cold side.
The head of both motors are removed so that we have the block, pistons and
crankshaft only. The bore for each piston (90mm) is then connected to the
same diameter pipe (heating / cooling pipes - see above diagrams). The heating
and cooling pipes are then connected at the top by the regenerator - half
filled with copper to store the heat energy of the hot gas.
The heating / cooling pipes are half filled with oil (to make liquid pistons)
and above the oil the volume is pressurized with the working gas (nitrogen
or helium). (Warning - never use pressured air with oil - it is
highly explosive!)
Further, the heating and cooling pipes have three times the volume of the
cylinders, so they can be two thirds filled with copper wire to improve
heat transfer.
I have removed the oil rings from the pistons and replaced them with high temperature rubber O-rings. This seems to work quite well (I have pressure tested to 130 Atmospheres!). You must also seal up the pistons behind the oil rings (I poured molten aluminum inside piston to close these gaps - you can also use silicon I suspect, and perhaps adding fine wire fibre to the silicon to increase its strength).
Due to expansion of aluminum alloy pistons when hot (300C) I had the hot
cylinders bored out 30 thousandths of an inch.
When the crankshafts rotate the oil moves up and down the heating / cooling
pipes causing the working gas to be moved from the hot side to the cold
side and back again. In one complete cycle the hot gas expands and does
work pushing the pistons apart, then the gas is transferred to the cold
side and is compressed, then is transferred back to the hot side to complete
the cycle.
This is an animated diagram of the standard Alpha Stirling Engine cycle.
Advantages of the Haselhurst-Stirling Engine
Because we are using liquid pistons we can add copper wire in the heating
/ cooling pipes to increase heat flow (this is the big advantage of using
liquid pistons).
By using existing technology of petrol engines we are able to build cheap
efficient Stirling engines with high power output.
Effectively we are building 6 stirling engines, each with a volume of 650cc,
connected by the motor's crankshaft, thus increasing heat transfer (rather
than having one big cylinder).
Because this is an external combustion engine it can use any heat source,
including the sun, thus producing a carbon / pollution free energy supply.
Geoff Haselhurst
Help Humanity
"You must be the change you wish to see in the world."
(Mohandas Gandhi)
"When forced to summarize the general theory of relativity in one sentence:
Time and space and gravitation have no separate existence from matter. ... Physical objects are not in space, but these objects are spatially extended. In this way the concept 'empty space' loses its meaning. ... The particle can only appear as a limited region in space in which
the field strength or the energy density are particularly high. ...
The free, unhampered exchange of ideas and scientific conclusions is necessary for the sound development of science, as it is in all spheres
of cultural life. ... We must not conceal from ourselves that no improvement in the present depressing situation is possible without
a severe struggle; for the handful of those who are really determined to do something is minute in comparison with the mass of the lukewarm
and the misguided. ...
Humanity is going to need a substantially new way of thinking if it is to survive!" (Albert Einstein)
Our world is in great trouble due to human behaviour founded on myths and customs that are causing the destruction of Nature and climate change. We can now deduce the most simple science theory of reality - the wave structure of matter in space. By understanding how we and everything around us are interconnected
in Space we can then deduce solutions to the fundamental problems of human knowledge in physics, philosophy, metaphysics, theology, education, health, evolution and ecology, politics and society.
This is the profound new way of thinking that Einstein
realised, that we exist as spatially extended structures of the universe - the discrete and separate body an illusion. This simply confirms the
intuitions of the ancient philosophers and mystics.
Given the current censorship in physics / philosophy of science journals (based on the standard model of particle physics / big bang cosmology) the internet is the best hope for getting new knowledge
known to the world. But that depends on you, the people who care about science and society, realise the importance of truth and reality.
It is Easy to Help!
Just click on the Social Network links below, or copy a nice image or quote you like and share it. We have a wonderful collection of knowledge from the greatest minds in human history, so people will appreciate your contributions. In doing this you will help a new generation of scientists see that there is a simple sensible explanation of physical reality - the source of truth and wisdom, the only cure for the madness of man! Thanks! Geoff Haselhurst (Updated September, 2018)
A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it. (Max Planck, 1920)
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