Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
Low Temperature Hydrogen in an Absolute Space as the Likely Cause of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (thus no Big Bang)
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In mainstream cosmology, the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation is regarded as the best available evidence of the Big Bang theory. But is it conclusive 'evidence'?
The following article is from a Forum post by Paul Marmet on NPA_Dissidents@yahoogroups.com and provides an interesting argument that the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) must be caused by low temperature Hydrogen in Space, thus it cannot be caused by the 'Big Bang', thus there was no 'Big Bang'. This is consistent with the Wave Structure of Matter which is founded on One thing, Space existing as an Infinite Eternal Wave Medium (see Cosmology).
Paul Marmet wrote;
As you know, the Cosmic Background Radiation (CMBR) is a wide spectrum (a continuum) of electromagnetic radiation received from outer space. It has exactly the shape of the spectrum given by the Planck equation (a bell-shape spectrum). Also the Planck spectrum represents faithfully the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emitted by any hot body at any temperature.
In the Planck equation, there is a parameter related to temperature, so that the equation is valid at any temperature.
The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) is assumed to come from the Big Bang when it became transparent at 3000K (assumed early universe). At the same time, due to its very large expanding velocity, there is a redshift of that Planck radiation at 3000K, so that, after taking into account the assumed Doppler effect, the spectrum appears at about 3K (as observed).
It is well known that any hot surface emits the Planck spectrum. Of course, if there are electronically excited atoms above the emitting surface, some spectral lines corresponding to the quantum states of these atoms will appear superimposed to the Planck spectrum (example, the hot plasma above the surface of the Sun).
A hot surface can be at any temperature. For example, the temperature can be 10000. degrees or 100. degrees or 3. degrees (Kelvin) or any temperature. The hot surface can have any nature. It can be a solid, a liquid or a gas. That does not change anything about the Planck emission (as long as it is not a plasma).
For example, the surface of planet Venus is about 600. degrees C. However, Venus is covered by a thick atmosphere, which is perhaps at 200 degrees C. On Earth, we receive from Venus the Planck radiation corresponding to 200 degrees C. (The hotter Planck radiation emitted by the surface at 600C is absorbed by Venus atmosphere.)
Also on Earth, we can easily measure the temperature of any independent cloud above us. We just have to measure the Planck spectrum (in the infrared). Clouds temperature is often at about minus 70 degrees C.
With respect to the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, the only point which is "certain", is that we detect "some radiation" at 3 K in the night Sky. Most astrophysicists believe that it is the strongly redshifted Planck radiation emitted by the Big Bang.
However, we know that the universe is not empty. Not only are there stars and Galaxies, but there is also (certainly) a large amount of gas (molecular hydrogen) filling the space, with a thickness of billion of light years around us. The temperature of that gas (hydrogen) has been measured (using a different method). It was measured (i.e. by G. Herzberg a Noble Laureate) that that hydrogen is at 3K.
It is impossible for that hydrogen in space not-to-emit the Planck spectrum. All matter in the universe must emit the Planck spectrum.
Therefore if the Big Bang really emits the Planck spectrum, there must then exist two different Planck spectra. (the one emitted by Hydrogen in the universe and the one due to the Big Bang). However only one Planck spectrum is observed.
Therefore, I conclude that since the hydrogen is well known in space, the Planck spectrum observed (erroneously attributed to the Big Bang) is due to Hydrogen at 3K in the universe.
We must conclude that the Big Bang model fails, because the 3K radiation must be attributed to Hydrogen, since hydrogen has been well observed by many different methods.
The 3K radiation (and the absence of any other Planck spectrum) proves the steady state model of the universe.
I hope this letter answers your question.
Paul Marmet
Jim Nibblett in reply:
Paul, This is Brilliant! The citation of Herzberg is just what the doctor ordered. I will, of course, have to look it up. I'm looking forward to finding out his independent means for taking hydrogen's temperature. Also, I wonder if you'd allow for me to quote this letter of yours. On another hand, the single spectrum accounted for by molecular hydrogen in intergalactic space does not 'prove' that the Universe is Eternal.
What it does do is knock the single most important prop out from under the only competitor, the BBT. After all, the statement made about the CMBR is that it is the most convincing piece of evidence in favor of the BBT. I'm sure that there are a hundred ways of saying it, but the combination of having a second way of taking hydrogen's temperature which accounts for a Planck spectrum plus the lack of a second one corresponding to an adiabatic expansion means that all observations are compliant with a theory that the Universe is Eternal.
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
Low Temperature Hydrogen in an Absolute Space as the Likely Cause of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (thus no Big Bang)
RSS
"When
forced to summarize the general theory of relativity in one sentence: Time
and space and gravitation have no separate existence from matter. ... Physical
objects are not in space, but these objects are spatially extended.
In this way the concept 'empty space' loses its meaning. ... The particle
can only appear as a limited region in space in which the field strength or
the energy density are particularly high. ...
