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Galileo Galilei
Discussion on Metaphysics of Galileo Galilei & the Orbital Motion of the Earth about the Sun. 'Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems' Quotes / Quotations
Epur si muove - And yet it does move (Galileo Galilei)
.. my dear Kepler, what do you think of the foremost philosophers of this University? In spite of my oft-repeated efforts and invitations, they have refused, with the obstinacy of a glutted adder, to look at the planets or Moon or my telescope. (Galileo Galilei)
In the long run my observations have convinced me that some men, reasoning preposterously, first establish some conclusion in their minds which, either because of its being their own or because of their having received it from some person who has their entire confidence, impresses them so deeply that one finds it impossible ever to get it out of their heads. Such arguments in support of their fixed idea ... gain their instant acceptance and applause. On the other hand whatever is brought forward against it, however ingenious and conclusive, they receive with disdain or with hot rage - if indeed it does not make them ill. Beside themselves with passion, some of them would not be backward even about scheming to suppress and silence their adversaries. I have had some experience of this myself. ... No good can come of dealing with such people, especially to the extent that their company may be not only unpleasant but dangerous. (Galileo Galilei)
Introduction
History shows that important
scientific discoveries are often first ignored, and then violently rejected,
by the society of their time. Galileo Galilei is a famous example
of this prejudice against new ideas which go against the orthodoxy.
Galileo
used Empirical Science to prove the Copernican theory (that the Earth orbits
the Sun) and thus the Earth must move (contrary to Ptolemy's stationary Earth
Cosmology). Sadly, even when the evidence is obvious (they simply needed to
look through his telescope to observe the orbital motion of Jupiter's moons)
the high priests of the time refused to look.
I wish, my dear Kepler, that we could have a good laugh together at the extraordinary stupidity of the mob. What do you think of the foremost philosophers of this University? In spite of my oft-repeated efforts and invitations, they have refused, with the obstinacy of a glutted adder, to look at the planets or Moon or my telescope. (Galileo Galilei)
Take note, theologians, that in your desire to make
matters of faith out of propositions relating to the fixity of sun and earth
you run the risk of eventually having to condemn as heretics those who would
declare the earth to stand still and the sun to change position - eventually,
I say, at such a time as it might be physically or logically proved that the
earth moves and the sun stands still.
(Note added by Galileo Galilei to his own copy of the Dialogue)
As Albert Einstein writes on Galileo Galilei and Empirical Science;
But before mankind could be ripe for a science which takes in the whole of reality, a second fundamental truth was needed, which only became common property among philosophers with the advent of Kepler and Galileo. Pure logical thinking cannot yield us any knowledge of the empirical world; all knowledge of reality starts form experience and ends in it. Propositions arrived at by purely logical means are completely empty as regards reality. Because Galileo saw this, and particularly because he drummed it into the scientific world, he is the father of modern physics -- indeed, of modern science altogether. (Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions)
So Galileo Galilei proved Copernicus' Theory that the Earth orbits the Sun with empirical science.
For the Earth to orbit the Sun we can be certain of two things - the existence of Space and the existence of Motion. Unfortunately, the concepts of Matter 'Particles' and 'Time' where already well established, and Galileo further developed the concept of Acceleration, as change in Motion. This paved the way for Newton's Law of Inertia, Force = Mass by Acceleration (and thus matter also had 'Mass') which then further evolved into the ElectroMagnetic Force Field theory of Light and Matter developed by Faraday, Maxwell, Lorentz and Einstein.
Recent discoveries of the properties of Space and the Wave Structure of Matter (Wolff, Haselhurst) suggests that these ideas led humanity down the wrong path, with too many separate existents, and no real understanding of their connection to one another. As Leibniz was correct to realise;
Reality cannot be found except in One single source, because of the interconnection of all things with one another. (Leibniz)
It is clear that the Wave Structure of Matter provides a new way of seeing our world. We hope that you will take the time to peer through this metaphysical telescope and like Galileo, see the world with greater clarity and simplicity.
Hope you enjoy the following quotes from a truly great
scientist, Galileo Galilei.
Geoff Haselhurst
Galileo Galilei, 'A Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems' (1629)
Several years ago there was published in Rome a salutary edict which, in order to obviate the dangerous tendencies of our present age, imposed a seasonable silence upon the Pythagorean opinion that the earth moves. There were those who impudently asserted that this decree had its origin not in judicious inquiry, but in passion none too well informed. (Galileo Galilei, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, 1629)
Aristotle in his first division separates the whole into two differing and, in a way, contrary parts; namely, the celestial and the elemental, the former being ingenerable, incorruptible, inalterable, impenetrable, etc; the latter being exposed to continual alteration, mutation, etc. He takes this difference from the diversity of local motions as his original principle. With this step he proceeds. Leaving, so to speak, the sensible world and retiring into the ideal world, he begins architectonically to consider that, nature being the principle of motion, it is appropriate that natural bodies should be endowed with local motion. He then declares local motions to be of three kinds; namely, circular, straight and mixed straight-and-circular. (Galileo Galilei, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, 1629, p.14)
... it is proper that simple motions should be those of simple bodies, and that mixed motions should belong to compound bodies; in such a way, moreover, that compounds take the motion of that part which predominates in their composition. (Galileo Galilei, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, 1629, p. 15)
... a natural body is naturally moveable, since nature, as defined elsewhere, is the principle of motion. (Galileo Galilei, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, 1629, p. 15)
If I remember correctly, we were proving that motion in a straight line could be of no use to the well-ordered parts of the world. We went on to say that the same did not hold of circular motions, of which the one made by the moving body upon itself keeps it ever in the same place, and the one which carries the moving body along the circumference of a circle about a fixed center puts neither it nor those about it in disorder, for such motion is essentially finite and terminate. (Galileo Galilei, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, 1629, p. 31)
From this uniformity, and from motion being finite, there follows its perpetual continuation by a successive repetition of rotations, which cannot exist naturally along an unbounded line or in motion continually accelerated or retarded. (Galileo Galilei, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, 1629, p. 32)
I say that if any shape can be given to a solid, the spherical
is the easiest of all, as it is the simplest, and holds that place among all
solid figures which the circle holds among surfaces - the description of the
circle, being easiest of all, having being considered by mathematicians as alone
worthy of being placed among the postulates underlying the description of all
other shapes.
The formation of a sphere is so easy that if a circular hole is
bored in a flat metal plate and any very roughly rounded solid is rotated at
random within it, it will without any other artifice reduce itself to as perfect
a spherical figure as possible, so long as the solid is not smaller than a sphere
which would pass through the hole. And what is even more worthy of consideration
is that spheres of various sizes may be formed within the same hole. But when
it comes to a forming a horse or, as you say, a grasshopper, I leave it to you
to judge, for you know that few sculptors of the world are equipped to do that.
(Galileo Galilei, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems,
1629, p. 209)
Galileo Galilei Quotations
In questions of science, the authority of a thousand is not worth the humble reasoning of a single individual. (Galileo Galilei, 1632)
The universe cannot be read until we have learnt the language and become familiar with the characters in which it is written. It is written in mathematical language, and the letters are triangles, circles and other geometrical figures, without which means it is humanly impossible to comprehend a single word. (Galileo Galilei, Opere Il Saggiatore p. 171. )
And who can doubt that it will lead to the worst disorders when minds created free by God are compelled to submit slavishly to an outside will? When we are told to deny our senses and subject them to the whim of others? When people devoid of whatsoever competence are made judges over experts and are granted authority to treat them as they please? These are the novelties which are apt to bring about the ruin of commonwealths and the subversion of the state. (Galileo Galilei, on the margin of his own copy of Dialogue on the Great World Systems). Quoted in J R Newman, The World of Mathematics (New York 1956)
Epur si muove
And yet it does move.
(Galileo Galilei, after making his abjuration of heliocentricity.)
Infinities and indivisibles transcend our finite understanding, the former on account of their magnitude, the latter because of their smallness; Imagine what they are when combined. (Galileo Galilei, Two New Sciences 1638)
It is very pious to say and prudent to affirm that the holy Bible can never speak untruth -- whenever its true meaning is understood. But I believe nobody will deny that it is often very abstruse, and may say things which are quite different from what its bare words signify. (Galileo Galilei)
To excite in us tastes, odors, and sounds I believe that nothing is required in external bodies except shapes, numbers, and slow or rapid movements. ... if ears, tongues, and noses were removed, shapes and numbers and motions would remain, but not odors or tastes or sounds. (Galileo Galilei)
The Divine intellect indeed knows infinitely more propositions [than we can ever know]. But with regard to those few which the human intellect does understand, I believe that its knowledge equals the Divine in objective certainty. (Galileo Galilei, Dialogue on the Great World Systems)
[The difficulties in the study of the infinite arise because] we attempt, with our finite minds, to discuss the infinite, assigning to it those properties which we give to the finite and limited; but this ... is wrong, for we cannot speak of infinite quantities as being the one greater or less than or equal to another. (Galileo Galilei, Two New Sciences 1638)
I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who endowed us with sense, reason, and intellect intended us to forgo their use. (Galileo Galilei) Quoted in Des MacHale, Wisdom (London, 2002).
https://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Quotations/Galileo.html
Among the great men who have philosophized about [the action
of the tides], the one who surprised me most is Kepler. He was a person of independent
genius, [but he] became interested in the action of the moon on the water, and
in other occult phenomena, and similar childishness. (Galileo Galilei)
I wish, my dear Kepler, that we could have a good laugh together at the extraordinary stupidity of the mob. What do you think of the foremost philosophers of this University? In spite of my oft-repeated efforts and invitations, they have refused, with the obstinacy of a glutted adder, to look at the planets or Moon or my telescope. (Galileo Galilei)
If I were again beginning my studies, I would follow the advice of Plato and start with mathematics. (Galileo Galilei)
I mentally conceive of some movable projected on a horizontal plane all impediments being put aside. Now it is evident ... that the equable motion on this plane would be perpetual if the plane were of infinite extent; but if we assume it to be ended, and [situated] on high, the movable ... , driven to the end of the plane and going on further, adds on to its previous equable and indelible motion that downward tendency which it has from its own heaviness. Thus there emerges a certain motion, compounded from equable horizontal and from naturally accelerated downward [motion], which I call projection. (Galileo Galilei, Two New Sciences 1638)
Having been admonished by this Holy Office [the Inquisition] entirely to abandon the false opinion that the Sun was the center of the universe and immovable, and that the Earth was not the center of the same and that it moved ... I abjure with a sincere heart and unfeigned faith, I curse and detest the said errors and heresies, and generally all and every error and sect contrary to the Holy Catholic Church. (Galileo Galilei)
By denying scientific principles, one may maintain any paradox. (Galileo Galilei)
You cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him find it within himself. (Galileo Galilei)
Measure what is measurable, and make measurable what is not so. (Galileo Galilei)
https://www.thinkexist.com/English/Author/x/Author_2925_4.htm
Albert Einstein Quotes on Galileo Galilei & Empirical Science
But before mankind could be ripe for a science which takes in the whole of reality, a second fundamental truth was needed, which only became common property among philosophers with the advent of Kepler and Galileo. Pure logical thinking cannot yield us any knowledge of the empirical world; all knowledge of reality starts form experience and ends in it. Propositions arrived at by purely logical means are completely empty as regards reality. Because Galileo saw this, and particularly because he drummed it into the scientific world, he is the father of modern physics -- indeed, of modern science altogether. (Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions)
... a conflict arises when a religious community insists on the absolute truthfulness of all statements recorded in the Bible. This means an intervention on the part of religion into the sphere of science; this is where the struggle of the Church against doctrines of Galileo and Darwin belongs. (Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions)
Gradually the conviction gained recognition that all knowledge about things is exclusively a working-over of the raw material furnished by the senses. ... Galileo and Hume first upheld this principle with full clarity and decisiveness. (Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions)
Galileo had already made a significant beginning toward a knowledge of the law of motion. He discovered the law of inertia and the law of bodies falling freely in the gravitational field of the earth. (Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions)
Science Links / Galileo Galilei
Cosmology -The supreme task of the physicist is to arrive at those universal elementary laws from which the cosmos can be built by pure deduction (Albert Einstein, 1954). The Wolff-Haselhurst Cosmology explains a Perpetual Finite Spherical Universe within an Infinite Eternal Space.
Kepler, Johannes - Wave Structure of Matter Explains Elliptical Orbits of Planets about the Sun.
The Galileo Project - A hypertext source of information on the life and work of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
and the science of his time.
https://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/
Help Humanity
"You must be the change you wish to see in the world."
(Mohandas Gandhi)
"When forced to summarize the general theory of relativity in one sentence:
Time and space and gravitation have no separate existence from matter. ... Physical objects are not in space, but these objects are spatially extended. In this way the concept 'empty space' loses its meaning. ... The particle can only appear as a limited region in space in which
the field strength or the energy density are particularly high. ...
The free, unhampered exchange of ideas and scientific conclusions is necessary for the sound development of science, as it is in all spheres
of cultural life. ... We must not conceal from ourselves that no improvement in the present depressing situation is possible without
a severe struggle; for the handful of those who are really determined to do something is minute in comparison with the mass of the lukewarm
and the misguided. ...
Humanity is going to need a substantially new way of thinking if it is to survive!" (Albert Einstein)
Our world is in great trouble due to human behaviour founded on myths and customs that are causing the destruction of Nature and climate change. We can now deduce the most simple science theory of reality - the wave structure of matter in space. By understanding how we and everything around us are interconnected
in Space we can then deduce solutions to the fundamental problems of human knowledge in physics, philosophy, metaphysics, theology, education, health, evolution and ecology, politics and society.
This is the profound new way of thinking that Einstein
realised, that we exist as spatially extended structures of the universe - the discrete and separate body an illusion. This simply confirms the
intuitions of the ancient philosophers and mystics.
Given the current censorship in physics / philosophy of science journals (based on the standard model of particle physics / big bang cosmology) the internet is the best hope for getting new knowledge
known to the world. But that depends on you, the people who care about science and society, realise the importance of truth and reality.
It is Easy to Help!
Just click on the Social Network links below, or copy a nice image or quote you like and share it. We have a wonderful collection of knowledge from the greatest minds in human history, so people will appreciate your contributions. In doing this you will help a new generation of scientists see that there is a simple sensible explanation of physical reality - the source of truth and wisdom, the only cure for the madness of man! Thanks! Geoff Haselhurst (Updated September, 2018)
A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it. (Max Planck, 1920)
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