Ockham's Razor
What is the Most Simple Science Theory of Reality?

(Aristotle, 340BC) The first philosophy (Metaphysics) is universal and is exclusively concerned with primary substance. ... And here we will have the science to study that which is just as that which is, both in its essence and in the properties which, just as a thing that is, it has. ... That among entities there must be some cause which moves and combines things. ... There must then be a principle of such a kind that its substance is activity. (Aristotle, Metaphysics)

(Gottfried Leibniz, 1670) It is a good thing to proceed in order and to establish propositions (principles). This is the way to gain ground and to progress with certainty. ... I hold that the mark of a genuine idea is that its possibility can be proved, either a priori by conceiving its cause or reason, or a posteriori when experience teaches us that it is a fact in nature. ...
Reality cannot be found except in One single source, because of the interconnection of all things with one another. ... I do not conceive of any reality at all as without genuine unity. ... I maintain also that substances, whether material or immaterial, cannot be conceived in their bare essence without any activity, activity being of the essence of substance in general.

(Bradley, 1846-1924) We may agree, perhaps, to understand by Metaphysics an attempt to know reality as against mere appearance, or the study of first principles or ultimate truths, or again the effort to comprehend the universe, not simply piecemeal or by fragments, but somehow as a whole. (Bradley)

Physics constitutes a logical system of thought which is in a state of evolution, whose basis (principles) cannot be distilled, as it were, from experience by an inductive method, but can only be arrived at by free invention. The justification (truth content) of the system rests in the verification of the derived propositions (a priori/logical truths) by sense experiences (a posteriori/empirical truths). ... Evolution is proceeding in the direction of increasing simplicity of the logical basis (principles). .. We must always be ready to change these notions - that is to say, the axiomatic basis of physics - in order to do justice to perceived facts in the most perfect way logically. (Albert Einstein, Physics and Reality, 1936)

A Very Brief Introduction to Ockham's Razor
(What is the Most Simple Science Theory of Reality?)

This is a very short answer to a very important and strangely neglected question. For the complete article please see: The Most Simple Scientific Theory of Reality

Upon consideration it is clear that Reality must be founded on One thing. (Both in terms of Ockham's razor, the simplest theory that explains the most things is best - and in terms of metaphysics where One thing is required to Cause and Connect the Many things we experience.)

And there is only ONE thing that is common to the many things, SPACE. (Both Matter and Mind are many things, we all commonly experience one common Space.)

So how can we explain Time, Matter, and Forces (Fields / Necessary Interconnection of Matter) from ONE thing Space. It is simple and obvious once known.

Space exists as a wave medium for Spherical Standing Waves that form matter. This Metaphysics of Space and (wave) Motion and the Wave Structure of Matter is explained in the articles at the top of page.

Truth and Reality are important (as is a simple sensible Science Theory to describe this Reality) - so please take the time to read on these beautiful and profound subjects about our own existence.

Sincerely,
Geoff Haselhurst, Karene Howie

Occam's Razor
What is the most Simple Science Theory for describing Reality?

Introduction to Simple Science & Occam's Razor

Occam's Razor (also Ockham's Razor or any of several other spellings), is a principle attributed to the 14th century English logician and Franciscan friar, William of Ockham that forms the basis of methodological reductionism, also called the principle of parsimony. In its simplest form, Occam's Razor states that one should not make more assumptions than needed. When multiple explanations are available for a phenomenon, the simplest version is preferred.

A charred tree on the ground could be caused by a landing alien ship or a lightning strike. According to Occam's Razor, the lightning strike is the preferred explanation as it requires the fewest assumptions. The principle is most often expressed as Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem, or 'Entities should not be multiplied beyond necessity', but this sentence was written by later authors and is not found in Ockham's surviving writings. William wrote, in Latin, Pluralitas non est ponenda sine necessitate, which translates literally into English as 'Plurality should not be posited without necessity'.

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) lived after Ockham's time and has a variant of Occam's razor. His variant short-circuits the need for sophistication by equating it to simplicity.

'Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication'. (Leonardo da Vinci)

Occam's Razor is now usually stated as follows:

Of two equivalent theories or explanations, all other things being equal, the simpler one is to be preferred.

As this is ambiguous, Isaac Newton's version may be better:

We are to admit no more causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances. (Sir Isaac Newton, Principia: The system of the world)

Occam's Razor is known by several different names including the Principle of Parsimony, The Principle of Simplicity, and The Principle of Economy. The reason for these alternate names can be explained by the association of simplicity and parsimony with Occam's Razor. Prior to the 20th century it was believed that the metaphysical justification for Occam's Razor was simplicity. It was thought that nature was in some sense simple and that our theories about nature should reflect that simplicity. With such a metaphysical justification came the implication that Occam's Razor is a metaphysical principle. From the beginning of the 20th century, these views fell out of favor as scientists presented an increasingly complex world view. In response, philosophers turned away from metaphysical justifications for Occam's Razor to epistemological ones including inductive, pragmatic, likelihood and probabilistic justifications, which is where things stand today. Thus, Occam's Razor is currently conceived of as a methodological principle. Elliott Sober has expressed dissatisfaction with epistemological justifications for Occam's Razor. He thinks that there must be a metaphysical presupposition for Occam's Razor, but offers no possibilities (Sober, 1990).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam's_Razor

Note: My comments above on the Metaphysics of Space explain why reality is ultimately simple, being founded on One Thing that causes and connects the Many Things. Leibniz was spot on!

Reality cannot be found except in One single source, because of the interconnection of all things with one another. ... I do not conceive of any reality at all as without genuine unity. ... I maintain also that substances, whether material or immaterial, cannot be conceived in their bare essence without any activity, activity being of the essence of substance in general.

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